Day-20
Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences
Part-1
Finites and non finites
Finite forms and non finite forms of verbs
‘Be’ verb
| Finite forms | Non finite forms |
| am, is | to be |
| are, were | being |
‘Do’/ ’action’ verb
| Finite forms | Non finite forms |
| do, does, did | to do , doing |
| close, closes, closed | to close, closing |
| work, works, worked | to work, working |
‘Have’verb
| Finite forms | Non finite forms |
| have, has, had | to have, having |
● Finite verb forms give complete sense to the sentence.
● Finite verb forms show tense, person and number.
Example:
● I am an astronaut.
● These are my friends..
● The police closed the road to traffic for two days.
● My parents have a farm in the village.
● Non finite verb forms don’t give complete sense to the sentence.
● Non finite verb forms don’t show tense, person and number.
Example:
● Being an astronaut
● To achieve excellence
● To close the road to traffic
● Having total self confidence
Part-2
Phrases and Clauses
Definition
Phrase
● A Phrase is a group of words without a finite verb.
● A phrase is a group of words that makes some sense but not complete sense.
● A phrase can be used as part of a sentence
Example:
● Being smart
● To achieve excellence in your work
● Just in time
● Plans for this weekend
Phrases in sentences:
● Being a smart guy Logan accomplished tasks faster than others of his age.
● If you want to achieve excellence in your work you must work with interest and involvement.
● We will be just in time for the seven o'clock show.
● What are your plans for this weekend?
Clause
● A clause is a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb:
●Clauses are two kinds:
(i) Independent clause or main clause
(ii) Dependent clause or subordinate clause
● An independent clause/ main is complete in itself so it can exist as a separate sentence.
Example:
● I am a vegetarian.
● I eat plenty of fish.
● I am a vegetarian but I eat plenty of fish.
● Logan is a smart boy.
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● Logan is a smart boy so he accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● A dependent clause / subordinate clause is not complete in itself so it depends on another independent clause for complete sense.
Example:
● Though I am a vegetarian, (Dependent clause)
● I eat plenty of fish. (Independent clause)
● Though I am a vegetarian, I eat plenty of fish.
● As Logan is a smart boy,
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● As Logan is a smart boy, he accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● I’ll get you mangoes. (Independent clause)
● If I go to the market, (Dependent clause)
● I’ll get you mangoes if I go to the marker.
Activity-1: Make sentences using the following phrases
1. With prayer 2. Every morning 3. In the afternoon 4. A nice day
5 . My new mobile 6. A very happy life 7. That white umbrella
8. One by one 9. In the event of 10. In spite of 11. On behalf of
12. To get a good job 13. For his honesty 14. One of my friends
15. An uninvited guest.
Model sentences:
(i) In the event of an accident, please call the police.
(ii) He became minister in spite of his criminal record.
Activity-2: Make sentences using the following dependent clause as parts of sentences.
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without
phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent
clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
Activity-3 : Read the models carefully and then rewrite the sentences as directed.
Model-1
● Being kind and generous, Pari helped the poor. (Simple)
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
1. Having completed the work Gita went home. (Change into complex and compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
Model-2:
● Working hard, Venkat became rich. (simple)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
● A phrase can be used as part of a sentence
Example:
● Being smart
● To achieve excellence in your work
● Just in time
● Plans for this weekend
Phrases in sentences:
● Being a smart guy Logan accomplished tasks faster than others of his age.
● If you want to achieve excellence in your work you must work with interest and involvement.
● We will be just in time for the seven o'clock show.
● What are your plans for this weekend?
Clause
● A clause is a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb:
●Clauses are two kinds:
(i) Independent clause or main clause
(ii) Dependent clause or subordinate clause
● An independent clause/ main is complete in itself so it can exist as a separate sentence.
Example:
● I am a vegetarian.
● I eat plenty of fish.
● I am a vegetarian but I eat plenty of fish.
● Logan is a smart boy.
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● Logan is a smart boy so he accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● A dependent clause / subordinate clause is not complete in itself so it depends on another independent clause for complete sense.
Example:
● Though I am a vegetarian, (Dependent clause)
● I eat plenty of fish. (Independent clause)
● Though I am a vegetarian, I eat plenty of fish.
● As Logan is a smart boy,
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● As Logan is a smart boy, he accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● I’ll get you mangoes. (Independent clause)
● If I go to the market, (Dependent clause)
● I’ll get you mangoes if I go to the marker.
Activity-1: Make sentences using the following phrases
1. With prayer 2. Every morning 3. In the afternoon 4. A nice day
5 . My new mobile 6. A very happy life 7. That white umbrella
8. One by one 9. In the event of 10. In spite of 11. On behalf of
12. To get a good job 13. For his honesty 14. One of my friends
15. An uninvited guest.
Model sentences:
(i) In the event of an accident, please call the police.
(ii) He became minister in spite of his criminal record.
Activity-2: Make sentences using the following dependent clause as parts of sentences.
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without
phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent
clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
Activity-3 : Read the models carefully and then rewrite the sentences as directed.
Model-1
● Being kind and generous, Pari helped the poor. (Simple)
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
1. Having completed the work Gita went home. (Change into complex and compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
Model-2:
● Working hard, Venkat became rich. (simple)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
● Just in time
● Plans for this weekend
Phrases in sentences:
● Being a smart guy Logan accomplished tasks faster than others of his age.
● If you want to achieve excellence in your work you must work with interest and involvement.
● We will be just in time for the seven o'clock show.
● What are your plans for this weekend?
Clause
● A clause is a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb:
●Clauses are two kinds:
(i) Independent clause or main clause
(ii) Dependent clause or subordinate clause
● An independent clause/ main is complete in itself so it can exist as a separate sentence.
Example:
● I am a vegetarian.
● I eat plenty of fish.
● I am a vegetarian but I eat plenty of fish.
● Logan is a smart boy.
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● Logan is a smart boy so he accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● A dependent clause / subordinate clause is not complete in itself so it depends on another independent clause for complete sense.
Example:
● Though I am a vegetarian, (Dependent clause)
● I eat plenty of fish. (Independent clause)
● Though I am a vegetarian, I eat plenty of fish.
● As Logan is a smart boy,
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● As Logan is a smart boy, he accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● I’ll get you mangoes. (Independent clause)
● If I go to the market, (Dependent clause)
● I’ll get you mangoes if I go to the marker.
Activity-1: Make sentences using the following phrases
1. With prayer 2. Every morning 3. In the afternoon 4. A nice day
5 . My new mobile 6. A very happy life 7. That white umbrella
8. One by one 9. In the event of 10. In spite of 11. On behalf of
12. To get a good job 13. For his honesty 14. One of my friends
15. An uninvited guest.
Model sentences:
(i) In the event of an accident, please call the police.
(ii) He became minister in spite of his criminal record.
Activity-2: Make sentences using the following dependent clause as parts of sentences.
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without
phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent
clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
Activity-3 : Read the models carefully and then rewrite the sentences as directed.
Model-1
● Being kind and generous, Pari helped the poor. (Simple)
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
1. Having completed the work Gita went home. (Change into complex and compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
Model-2:
● Working hard, Venkat became rich. (simple)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
● Being a smart guy Logan accomplished tasks faster than others of his age.
● If you want to achieve excellence in your work you must work with interest and involvement.
● We will be just in time for the seven o'clock show.
● What are your plans for this weekend?
Clause
● A clause is a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb:
●Clauses are two kinds:
(i) Independent clause or main clause
(ii) Dependent clause or subordinate clause
● An independent clause/ main is complete in itself so it can exist as a separate sentence.
Example:
● I am a vegetarian.
● I eat plenty of fish.
● I am a vegetarian but I eat plenty of fish.
● Logan is a smart boy.
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● Logan is a smart boy so he accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● A dependent clause / subordinate clause is not complete in itself so it depends on another independent clause for complete sense.
Example:
● Though I am a vegetarian, (Dependent clause)
● I eat plenty of fish. (Independent clause)
● Though I am a vegetarian, I eat plenty of fish.
● As Logan is a smart boy,
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● As Logan is a smart boy, he accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● I’ll get you mangoes. (Independent clause)
● If I go to the market, (Dependent clause)
● I’ll get you mangoes if I go to the marker.
Activity-1: Make sentences using the following phrases
1. With prayer 2. Every morning 3. In the afternoon 4. A nice day
5 . My new mobile 6. A very happy life 7. That white umbrella
8. One by one 9. In the event of 10. In spite of 11. On behalf of
12. To get a good job 13. For his honesty 14. One of my friends
15. An uninvited guest.
Model sentences:
(i) In the event of an accident, please call the police.
(ii) He became minister in spite of his criminal record.
Activity-2: Make sentences using the following dependent clause as parts of sentences.
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without
phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent
clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
Activity-3 : Read the models carefully and then rewrite the sentences as directed.
Model-1
● Being kind and generous, Pari helped the poor. (Simple)
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
1. Having completed the work Gita went home. (Change into complex and compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
Model-2:
● Working hard, Venkat became rich. (simple)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
● If you want to achieve excellence in your work you must work with interest and involvement.
● We will be just in time for the seven o'clock show.
● What are your plans for this weekend?
Clause
● A clause is a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb:
●Clauses are two kinds:
(i) Independent clause or main clause
(ii) Dependent clause or subordinate clause
● An independent clause/ main is complete in itself so it can exist as a separate sentence.
Example:
● I am a vegetarian.
● I eat plenty of fish.
● I am a vegetarian but I eat plenty of fish.
● Logan is a smart boy.
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● Logan is a smart boy so he accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● A dependent clause / subordinate clause is not complete in itself so it depends on another independent clause for complete sense.
Example:
● Though I am a vegetarian, (Dependent clause)
● I eat plenty of fish. (Independent clause)
● Though I am a vegetarian, I eat plenty of fish.
● As Logan is a smart boy,
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● As Logan is a smart boy, he accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● I’ll get you mangoes. (Independent clause)
● If I go to the market, (Dependent clause)
● I’ll get you mangoes if I go to the marker.
Activity-1: Make sentences using the following phrases
1. With prayer 2. Every morning 3. In the afternoon 4. A nice day
5 . My new mobile 6. A very happy life 7. That white umbrella
8. One by one 9. In the event of 10. In spite of 11. On behalf of
12. To get a good job 13. For his honesty 14. One of my friends
15. An uninvited guest.
Model sentences:
(i) In the event of an accident, please call the police.
(ii) He became minister in spite of his criminal record.
Activity-2: Make sentences using the following dependent clause as parts of sentences.
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without
phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent
clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
Activity-3 : Read the models carefully and then rewrite the sentences as directed.
Model-1
● Being kind and generous, Pari helped the poor. (Simple)
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
1. Having completed the work Gita went home. (Change into complex and compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
Model-2:
● Working hard, Venkat became rich. (simple)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
● What are your plans for this weekend?
Clause
● A clause is a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb:
●Clauses are two kinds:
(i) Independent clause or main clause
(ii) Dependent clause or subordinate clause
● An independent clause/ main is complete in itself so it can exist as a separate sentence.
Example:
● I am a vegetarian.
● I eat plenty of fish.
● I am a vegetarian but I eat plenty of fish.
● Logan is a smart boy.
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● Logan is a smart boy so he accomplishes tasks much faster than others of his age.
● A dependent clause / subordinate clause is not complete in itself so it depends on another independent clause for complete sense.
Example:
● Though I am a vegetarian, (Dependent clause)
● I eat plenty of fish. (Independent clause)
● Though I am a vegetarian, I eat plenty of fish.
● As Logan is a smart boy,
● He accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● As Logan is a smart boy, he accomplishes tasks much faster than others.
● I’ll get you mangoes. (Independent clause)
● If I go to the market, (Dependent clause)
● I’ll get you mangoes if I go to the marker.
Activity-1: Make sentences using the following phrases
1. With prayer 2. Every morning 3. In the afternoon 4. A nice day
5 . My new mobile 6. A very happy life 7. That white umbrella
8. One by one 9. In the event of 10. In spite of 11. On behalf of
12. To get a good job 13. For his honesty 14. One of my friends
15. An uninvited guest.
Model sentences:
(i) In the event of an accident, please call the police.
(ii) He became minister in spite of his criminal record.
Activity-2: Make sentences using the following dependent clause as parts of sentences.
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without
phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent
clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
Activity-3 : Read the models carefully and then rewrite the sentences as directed.
Model-1
● Being kind and generous, Pari helped the poor. (Simple)
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
1. Having completed the work Gita went home. (Change into complex and compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
Model-2:
● Working hard, Venkat became rich. (simple)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
1. As the preacher didn’t stop speaking,
2. When I was a school boy,
3. If you want to protect yourself and others against Covid-19,
4. Though it was raining,
5. When you watch a match on TV,
6. Unless something unexpected happens,
7. Although we lost the match,
8. Unless you invite them,
9. When there is no one at home,
10. If you go upstairs,
11. As I had a plane to catch at 6 am,
12. When I was young,
Model answers
(i) If you want to protect yourself and others from Covid-19, eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
(ii) Unless something unexpected happens,we’ll play the match.
Part 3
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Definition: A simple sentence has an independent clause with or without phrase/phrases.
Example:
1. Being kind and generous Tresa helps everybody.
2.In spite of her poverty Sherica is happy.
3. Having finished the work they went to the retiring room.
4. You must work hard to pass the examination.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Definition: A complex sentence has an independent clause with a dependent clause/ a subordinate clause.
Example:
1. As Malta has an ideal climate, it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2. Though Sherica is ninety years old, she is quite smart for work.
3. When they had finished the work, they went to the retiring room.
4. Unless you work hard you cannot pass the examination.
( As, though, when and unless are subordinating conjunctions.)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Definition:
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Example:
1. Malta has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a
tourist paradise
2.Sherica is ninety years old but she is quite smart for work
3.They had finished the work and then they went to the retiring room.
4.You must work hard or you cannot pass the examination.
Mode of transforming sentences from:
Simple to complex :The phrase is converted to a subordinate clause.
Simple to compound : The phrase converted to a main clause.
Complex to simple : The subordinate clause is converted to a phrase.
Complex to compound: The subordinate clause is converted to a main clause.
Compound to simple : A main clause is converted to a phrase.
Compound to complex : A main clause is converted to a subordinate clause.
● As Pari was kind and generous, he helped the poor. (complex)
● Pari was kind and generous so he helped the poor. (compound)
2. The Principal was very busy so he couldn’t talk to us. (into complex and simple)
3. Being very efficient Edwin could manage the situation. (into complex and compound)
4. Being very weak David cannot walk on his own. (into complex and compound)
5. As Teresa May was dissatisfied, she resigned her presidency. (into simple and compound)
6. Having passed the examination Sheela applied for the job. (into complex and compound)
7. When Nandini saw me, she waved. (into simple and compound)
8. When the driver saw the green signal, he started the car. (into simple and compound)
9. As she grew older she lost interest in eating. (into simple and compound)
10. Hearing the message she cried. (into complex and compound)
● As Venkat worked hard, he became rich. (complex)
● Venkat worked hard so he became rich. (compound)
1. Walking fast James reached the station in time. (into complex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
Model-3:
● In spite of many failures Tagore was happy. (Simple)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
1. In spite of playing well Vijay lost the match. (into complex and compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
Model-4:
● Work hard to pass your examination. (simple)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
1. Walk fast to catch the train. (into complex and compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
Model-5
• We must eat to live. (simple)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
1.You must produce something useful to live a happy life. (into complex and compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
Model-6:
● On hearing the sad news Rani fainted. (simple)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
1. Perumal raised his hat when he saw Robert. (into simple and compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
Model-7:
● Bob was promoted to manager for his excellence in customer care. (simple)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
1.Everybody admires Cleo for her beauty. (into complex and compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
Model-8
● Lony is too weak to walk any further. (simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
1. He was too old to continue in service. (into complex and compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
Model-9:
• Harischandra proved his honesty. (simple)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
1. Devi confessed her guilt. (into complex and compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)
2. Mrs. Sonia won a reputation by hard work. (into complex and compound)
3. Chitra sang well and won everybody’s admiration. (into complex and simple)
4. Studying six hours a day Divenya made sure of success. (into complex and compound)
5. Varma proved his efficiency so he was promoted captain. (into simple and complex)
● Though Tagore had many failures, he was happy. (complex)
● Tagore had many failures but he was happy. (compound)
2.Though Sophia was very weak, she walked to her office. (into compound and simple)
3.They fought violently but they were defeated. (into complex and simple)
4.Inspite of her poverty Suganya is very happy. (into complex and compound)
5.Though they are very poor, they are always neatly dressed. (into simple and compound)
● Work hard if you want to pass your examination. (complex)
● Work hard or you cannot pass your examination. (compound)
2.If you ask Maria, she will help you. (into simple and compound)
3.Start earlier to arrive in time. (into complex and compound)
4.If you want to make friends, become interested in others. (into simple and compound)
5.Live to see all your grandchildren married. (into complex and compound)
• Unless we eat, we cannot live. (complex)
• We must eat or we cannot live. (compound)
2.The doctor won’t come unless you ring up. (into compound and simple)
3.Unless bad weather stops me, I go walking every morning. (replace unless by if)
4.If you complete this course, you will master English Grammar. (into simple and compound)
5.You must make your coffee yourself. (into complex and compound)
● When Rani heard the sad news, she fainted. (complex)
● Rani heard the sad news so she fainted. (compound)
2.The procession began to move on the arrival of the farmers. (into complex and compound)
3.The Principal came into the hall and everyone rose from their seat. (into complex and simple)
4.When she was punished, she wept. (into simple and compound)
5.The bus will leave as soon as the driver arrives. (into simple and compound)
● As Boss was excellent in customer care, he was promoted to manager.(complex)
● Bob was excellent in customer care so he was promoted to manager.(compound)
2.Everyone condemned her foolish behavior. (into complex and compound)
3. I thank you for your happy gift. (into complex and compound)
4. God has created us so we thank Him. (into simple and complex)
5. As Indiran has been honest all his life, we honour him. (into compound and simple)
● Lony is so weak that he cannot walk any further. (complex)
● Lony is very weak so he cannot walk any further. (compound)
2. The situation was too delicate to explain. (into complex and compound)
3. These shoes are so small that Nalini cannot use them. (into simple and compound)
4. This box is very small and so it cannot hold all these things. (into simple and complex)
5. Vani is too dull to understand your speech. (into complex and compound)
• Harischandra proved that he was honest. (complex)
• Harischandra was honest and he proved that. (compound)
2. Edison proved all his calculations right. (into complex and compound)
3. Billa confessed that he had stolen the jewels. (into simple and complex)
4. Brucelee was very strong and he proved that. (into simple and complex)
5. Politicians exploit the innocence and ignorance of the people. (intocomplex and compound)