Day- 11

Language Focus

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The Future Time

The future time can be expressed in four different ways:

• ☛ By using the Simple Future
• ☛ By using the Future Continuous
• ☛ By using the Future Perfect
• ☛ By using the Future Perfect continuous

The Simple Future

2. By using ‘Present Simple’ and ‘Present continuous’

We use the present simple to talk about something which is part of an arrangement or a schedule.

Example

• ☛ The university examinations start on April 2.
• ☛ We have a seminar next Wednesday.
• ☛ It is dad’s birthday tomorrow.
• ☛ The train arrives at 9.40 tomorrow morning.

We use the present continuous to talk about plans or arrangements:

• ☛ Our school team is playing a match next month..
• ☛ The members of our club are visiting the flood victims tomorrow.
• ☛ We are having a party at Christmas.
• ☛ A new manager is taking charge of our company today at 10 a.m.

3. By using ‘going to’

We use ‘going to’ when we talk about intentions and plans/ when something is likely to happen.

• ☛We are going to construct a house in the village for our parents.
• ☛ UNO is going to start community schools in South Africa.
• ☛ The Syrians are going to move to European countries.
• ☛ Hello! Please walk carefully. You are going to slip over on the wet floor.
• ☛ Look over there! Rain clouds are looming on the horizon. I think it’s going to rain.
• ☛ What is going to happen after the election?
• ☛ There’s going to be a sudden change, a change for the better. Our President is going to cut down on his salary and perks. Our judges, governors, district collectors, police officers and vice chancellors are going to be honest. Our teachers are going to be role models for their students. Our children are going to receive, the essence of education and celebrate every moment. Our statesmen are going to serve people’s causes. Our religious heads are going to practice what they preach. Our government employees are going to work for the people. Our youth are going to make the most of the opportunities. Our people are going to vote the right people to power. Life is going to be better for all of us. Every one of us is going to feel life is good. There is going to be perfect harmony in the world. We are going to live every moment in its fullness.

A Picnic

Talking about the future using verbs like expect, hope, would like, need, plan, want…

Activity- 1: Please practice the dialogue in pairs as many times as you feel like reading, at least four times. And then describe a picnic you enjoyed recently. You must say where you went to, when, with whom, what you did and ate and what you enjoyed most.

Son: Daddy what are we going to do this weekend?
Dad: Sorry, dear. We are staying home. Mom has assigned us household chores. So we are going to sweep the floor, clean the windows, do the dishes, vacuum the carpets, do the laundry, perfume the bath, clean the washrooms and prepare meals. So we just can’t think of going out this weekend.
Son: Oh! Really? And what’s mom going to do?
Dad: Um, I don’t know what she wants to do. You’d better ask her.
Son: Mom, shall we go to the mountains this weekend?
Mom: Oh, dear! I very much like to go out as I need a break from a week long hard work. I don’t know what dad plans to do.
Son: He wants to stay home and do all domestic chores you’ve assigned him.
Mom: Why don’t we stay home and help daddy with the household chore?
Son: No, mom! I don’t have any fun at home. I hate staying home. I like to camp out. Would you take me or am I to go out with friends?
Mom: Be cool, dear. We’ll help daddy finish work and go to the mountains with him. I hope he would like to join us, too. There’s a strange cave at the foot of the mountain. Tourists often stay there. We’ll have a true sense of security when dad is with us, won’t we?
Son: Yes, you’re right. I love dad’s company. We’ll stay overnight in the cave and play games.
Mom: Fine, dear. Now we must help dad with his work and get the picnic ware ready.
Son: Um, I’ll do the dishes before he does the laundry and give him a surprise, mom.

Mom: That’ll be fine, dear. Meanwhile I’ll have our picnic ready. We’ll have a picnic lunch at the entrance of the cave and snacks and juices inside the cave. Would you carry our picnic basket?
Son: It’s my pleasure, mom. What else can I do for you, mom?
Mom: Oh, dear! Nothing else, daddy will have the blanket and I’ll carry the lunch bag. We must leave here before eight o’clock tomorrow morning.
Son: Ok, mom. Are we going to camp out, mom?
Mom: Of course, we are going to have an overnight camp at the foot of the mountains. And the next morning we’ll trek across the forest and return home in the evening.
Son: Thank you, mom. We better get started on our domestic chore so that we get ready for the picnic in good time.

Enter here never to return

Dad: Come, let’s go visit the spectacular Cave of Lorette (Grotte de Lorette) in the beautiful village of Rochefort in Belgium. The cave has the particularity of being extremely vertical. During our visit, we will descend into the bowels of the earth through long and impressive blocks of rock. At the lowest point in the cave the guide will release a small balloon that will best allow you to appreciate the height of the chamber. After a two-hour tour we will re-emerge into daylight on the flank of the hill.
Son: What else do we watch while in the chamber?
Dad: Well, There’s a light show. It brings out the natural color and beauty of the cave and the concretions.
Son: How long is the trip, daddy and how much time does it take?
Dad: It’s almost 2 km long and takes about two and a half hours.
Son: How are we going to do the trip, on foot?
Dad: Of course, yes. It’s quite challenging but exciting. Once inside the chambers we will forget the rest of the world and listen to the vault vibrating sound and light.
Son: Dad?
Dad: What?
Dad: Just look at concretions! Stalactites, stalagmites, columns and draperies!
Son : Wow! What a wonderful formation! Let’s get in and enjoy the sacraments of nature. An overnight stay is not at enough, dad. Why don’t we stay the week here?
Dad: Oh, dear! I’d very much love to have a week here. We’ll think about it.

Activity-2: Describe a place you have visited. You must say:

• ☛ What that place is
• ☛ When you visited
• ☛Who were with you
• ☛Why people visit this place

English Sentence Bank

• ☛ What are you going to do next year? I’d like to go to Canada to pursue my research.
• ☛ Where would you like to go for your holidays. We plan to go to Maldives for our holidays.
• ☛ Does Fibro want to come with you? Of course he does.
• ☛ What are you going to do tonight? Well, I might stay home or hang out with friends.
• ☛ Why are you in a hurry? I should be home in good time for online classes.
• ☛ When will the class be over? It should be over by ten o’ clock; it might go beyond midnight, too. It depends on now actively students participate in it.
• ☛ When will you have your dinner? I’ll have it when I finish my work.
• ☛ How long should I wait here for you? You must wait here until your mom returns from her classes.
• ☛ When is Anshan coming? He is coming after he has had lunch.
• ☛ Are we going out tonight? We have a plan but we won’t be able to go out if it rains.
• ☛ If New Zealand wins tomorrow’s match, they will be the Gold Cup Champions.
• ☛ Who is the Prime Minister of Canada? Justin Trudeau is the Prime Minister of Canada.
• ☛ What is the Canadian PM known for? Well, he is known for his loyalty and honesty.

Activity-3: Please read the article on the importance of and share comments.

Oxygen Mystery

There is something astonishing in every breath we take. People take oxygen for granted because it’s just there and we breathe it all the time. But ours is the only planet we know of anywhere thus far that has oxygen on it.
What’s even more astonishing is that the earth started out with an oxygen-free atmosphere. It took billions of years before there was enough of it to keep animals like us alive.
Emergence of oxygen may have added fuel to life’s fire. The extra oxygen in the atmosphere attacked rocks exposed on land, freeing up phosphorus and iron to flow into the ocean to act as fertilizer. The microbes (phytoplankton) bloomed even more, sending up even more oxygen . What would happen if Oxygen were to disappear from earth for just five seconds?
• Every internal combustion engine would stall. This means that every airplane taking off from a runway would likely crash to the ground, while planes in flight could glide for some time.
• Everyone’s inner ear would explode. As mentioned, we would lose about 21 percent of the air pressure in an instant, equivalent to being teleported to the top of the high Andes (elevation, about 2,000 meters).
• Every building made out of concrete would turn to dust. Oxygen is an important binder in concrete structures (really, the CO2 is), and without it, the compounds do not hold their rigidity.
• Every living cell would explode in a haze of hydrogen gas. Water is one third oxygen; without it, the hydrogen turns into gaseous state and expands in volume.
• The oceans would evaporate and bleed into space. As oxygen disappears from the oceans’ water, the hydrogen component becomes an unbound free gas. Hydrogen gas, being the lightest, will rise to the upper troposphere and slowly bleed into space through Atmospheric escape.
• Everything above ground would immediately go into free fall. As oxygen makes up about 45 percent of the Earth’s crust and mantle, there is suddenly a lot less “stuff” beneath your feet to hold everything up. Of course, the 5-second disappearance of Oxygen is a hypothesis. But all the same, should it really happen at all, the consequences appear to be chilling and devastating. Living beings, including human, have always been on the razor’s edge! So, let’s enjoy life as long as it lasts!